Foundations of Networking (Phase 1)

Slide 1: Title Slide

• Title: Foundations of Networking (Basics)
• Subtitle: Phase 1: Networking Fundamentals
• Published By: Nuruzzaman Majumder

Slide 2: Introduction to Networking

• What is Networking?
• • Definition of a network.
  • Importance of networks in daily life.
  • Examples: Internet, corporate networks.
  ANS

Slide 3: Types of Networks

• LAN (Local Area Network)
• • Covers a small geographical area.
  • Examples: Home, school, office.
• WAN (Wide Area Network)
• • Covers large geographical areas.
  • Examples: Internet, enterprise networks.
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
• • Covers a city or campus.
  • Example: City-wide Wi-Fi.

Slide 4: Networking Terminology

• Node, Host, Client, Server.
• Bandwidth, Latency, Packet.
• MAC Address, IP Address.

Slide 5: Networking Models

• OSI Model:
• • 7 Layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
  • Function of each layer.
• TCP/IP Model:
• • 4 Layers: Network Interface, Internet, Transport, Application.
  • Importance of TCP/IP in modern networking.

Slide 6: Networking Devices

• Router: Directs data packets between networks.
• Switch: Connects devices within a LAN.
• Hub: Basic device for network communication.
• Modem: Converts digital to analog signals.
• NIC (Network Interface Card): Enables network connectivity for a device.

Slide 7: IP Addressing

• IPv4:
• • Classes: A, B, C, D, E.
  • Subnetting: Dividing networks into subnets.
• IPv6:
• • Address format.
  • Importance in modern networking.
  • Basic configuration examples.

Slide 8: Protocols

• TCP & UDP: Differences and use cases.
• HTTP & HTTPS: Web communication.
• DNS: Resolves domain names to IP addresses.  How does it work press here 
• DHCP: Assigns dynamic IP addresses. 
• FTP: Transfers files between systems.
• SMTP: Email communication.

Slide 9: Basic Configuration

• Configuring IP Addresses:
• • Static vs. Dynamic IP addresses.
  • Steps for configuration.
• Basic Router Commands:
• • Setting hostname, interfaces.
  • Verifying configuration.
• Basic Switch Commands:
• • VLAN configuration.
  • Viewing MAC address table.

Lab Exercise

Lab 1: Setting Up a Basic Network

1. Objective:
2. • Connect multiple devices using a switch.
   • Configure IP addresses for communication.
3. Required Equipment:
4. • PCs or laptops.
   • Switch and Ethernet cables.
5. Steps:
6. 1. Connect devices to the switch using Ethernet cables.
   2. Assign static IP addresses to each device.
   3. Test connectivity using the ping command.

Lab 2: Router Configuration Basics

1. Objective:
2. • Configure a router for basic connectivity.
3. Required Equipment:
4. • Router, switch, and PCs/laptops.
5. Steps:
6. 1. Access router CLI via console or Telnet.
   2. Configure the hostname and interfaces.
   3. Set up a default gateway.
   4. Verify configuration with show commands.

Lab 3: Protocol Testing

1. Objective:
2. • Observe TCP and UDP communication.
3. Required Tools:
4. • Packet tracer or equivalent simulator.
5. Steps:
6. 1. Set up a client-server model.
   2. Test HTTP, FTP, and DNS.
   3. Capture packets to analyze protocol behavior.

Slide 10: Q&A

• Questions: Open floor for participant queries.
• Discussion Topics: Clarify any doubts from the session.

Slide 11: Next Steps

• Upcoming Topics:
• • Advanced IP Addressing.
  • Routing Protocols.
  • Network Security Basics.
• Homework:
• • Practice IP configuration and ping commands.
  • Read about OSI and TCP/IP models.
  • Router Configuration Basics